To subtract two matrices (A and B) in Java, they must have the same dimensions, meaning the same number of rows and columns. It is not possible to subtract a 2 × 3 matrix from a 3 × 2 matrix, as the dimensions do not match. To perform matrix subtraction, we subtract the corresponding elements of the matrices.
(A - B)<sub>ij</sub>= A<sub>ij</sub> - B<sub>ij</sub>
To subtract two matrices, we can iterate through each element of the first and second matrices. By calculating the difference between their corresponding elements, we can store the result in a third matrix. This process involves looping through the matrices and performing element-wise subtraction.
Algorithm for Matrix Subtraction in Java
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- STEP 1: START
- STEP 2: DEFINE rows, cols
- STEP 3: INITIALIZE first matrix a[][] ={{4,5,6},{3,4,1}, {1,2,3}}
- STEP 4: INITIALIZE second matrix b[][] ={{2,0,3}, {2,3,1}{1,1,1}}
- STEP 5: rows = a.length
- STEP 6: cols = a[0].length
- STEP 7: DEFINE diff[][]
- STEP 8: REPEAT STEP 9 to STEP 10 UNTIL i<rows
//for(i=0;i<rows; i++) - STEP 9: REPEAT STEP 10 UNTIL j<cols
//for(j=0;j<cols; j++) - STEP 10: diff[i][j] =a[i][j] – b[i][j]
- STEP 11: PRINT “Subtraction of two matrices:”
- STEP 12: REPEAT STEP 13 to STEP 14 UNTIL i<rows
//for(i=0;i<rows; i++) - STEP 13: REPEAT STEP 14 UNTIL j<cols
//for(j=0; j<cols; j++) - STEP 13: PRINT diff[i][j]
- STEP 14: PRINT new line
- STEP 15: END
Java Code for Matrix Subtraction
public class Sub_Matrix { public static void main(String[] args) { int rows, cols; //Initialize matrix a int a[][] = { {4, 5, 6}, {3, 4, 1}, {1, 2, 3} }; //Initialize matrix b int b[][] = { {2, 0, 3}, {2, 3, 1}, {1, 1, 1} }; //Calculates number of rows and columns present in given matrix rows = a.length; cols = a[0].length; //Array diff will hold the result int diff[][] = new int[rows][cols]; //Performs subtraction of matrices a and b. Store the result in matrix diff for(int i = 0; i < rows; i++){ for(int j = 0; j < cols; j++){ diff[i][j] = a[i][j] - b[i][j]; } } System.out.println("Subtraction of two matrices: "); for(int i = 0; i < rows; i++){ for(int j = 0; j < cols; j++){ System.out.print(diff[i][j] + " "); } System.out.println(); } } }
Output:
Subtraction of two matrices: 1 5 3 1 1 0 0 1 2
In conclusion, the provided Java code performs matrix subtraction by iterating through each element of the matrices and subtracting the corresponding elements from each other, resulting in a new matrix that represents the difference between the two input matrices. Follow tutorials.freshersnow.com to learn more.