Decision Making Statements in C

Decision-making statements in C: These are used to specify the order in which the statements are executed. C programming language assumes any non-zero and non-null values as true, if it is either zero or null, then it is assumed as false.
This programming allows 3 different types of control statements as follows:

• If statement
• If…else statement
• Nested if statement
• Goto statement
• Switch statement

Decision Making Statements in C

If statement( ) in C

if statement consists of a Boolean expression followed by one or more statements.

Syntax
if(test_expression) {
statement 1;
statement 2;
————–}

Flow chart for if statement 

Example

int main()  {                     
int x=40,y=40;                   
 if (m == n)  {                       
  printf("x and y are equal");               
  }           
}

Output
x and y are equal

If…else statement in C

An if statement can be followed by an optional else statement, which executes when the Boolean expression is false.

Syntax
if(test_expression)
{  //execute your code
}
else {
//execute your code
}

Example

#include <stdio.h>                  
int main() 
{                   
int x=40,y=20;                
  if (m == n)  
  {                  
  printf("x and y are equal");            
  }          
  else  
  {                 
    printf("x and y are not equal");          
      
   }       
 
}

Output
x and y are not equal

Nested if statement in C

It is used for one conditional statement inside another conditional statement.

Syntax
if(test_expression one)
{
if(test_expression two)
{
//Statement block Executes when the Boolean test expression two is true.
}
}
Else
{
//else statement block
}

Example

#include <stdio.h>          
int main()  {             
int x=40,y=20;             
if (x>y) {           
printf("x is greater than y");          
}       
else if(x<y) {       
printf("x is less than y");       
 }     
   else {         
printf("x is equal to y");         
}    
}

Output
x is greater than y

Goto statement in C

It is used to branch unconditionally, within a program from one point to another. Mainly programmers use this statement to change the sequence of the execution.

Syntax
goto label;
– – – – – – – – – –
label:
statement – X;

Example

#include <stdio.h>                              
int main() {                                 
int sum=0;                               
for(int i = 0; i<=10; i++) {                                   
sum = sum+i; 
}                                     
if(i==5) {                                     
   goto addition;                                                          
addition: 
printf("%d", sum);                              
  return 0;                           
  }
}

Output: 15

Switch Statement in C

A switch statement allows variables to test for equality against a list of values.

Syntax
switch(variable) {
case 1: //execute your code   break;
case n: //execute your code  break;
default: //execute your code  break;
}

Example

#include <stdio.h>                    
int main()  {     
int num=2;                 
switch(num+2) {                       
  case 1:printf("Case1: Value is: %d", num);                      
  case 2:printf("Case1: Value is: %d", num);                    
  case 3:printf("Case1: Value is: %d", num);                 
   default:printf("Default: Value is: %d", num);             
}             
return 0;}

Output
value is 2